1. of; ~'s (possessive particle)
2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun)
3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)
4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 pígéde "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 pǎotángrde "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 xīnde "new one")
5. also pr. dì or di in poetry and songs

classifiers: 個, 位

1. all
2. without exception

1. quilt
2. to cover (with)
3. (literary) to suffer (a misfortune)
4. used to indicate passive voice (placed before the doer of the action like "by" in English passive-voice sentences, or, if the doer is not mentioned, before the verb)
5. (since c. 2009) (sarcastic or jocular) used to indicate that the following word should be regarded as being in air quotes (as in 被旅遊 bèilu:yóu to "go on a trip")

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 披 (“to cover oneself; to scatter”)
2. alternative form of 披 (“to cover oneself; to scatter”)

1. alternative form of 彼 (bǐ, “that”)
2. alternative form of 髲 (bì, “wig”)

1. to move (sb)
2. to touch (sb emotionally)
3. moving

1. to obtain
2. to get
3. to gain
4. to catch (a disease)
5. proper
6. suitable
7. proud
8. contented
9. to allow
10. to permit
11. ready
12. finished

1. to have to
2. must
3. ought to
4. to need to

1. (completed action marker)
2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now)
3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause)

1. to finish
2. (used with 得 dé or 不 bù after a verb to express (im)possibility, as in 忘不了 wàngbuliǎo "cannot forget")
3. (literary) (usually followed by a negative such as 無 wú or 不 bù) completely (not); entirely (not); (not) in the least
4. to understand clearly (variant of 瞭 liǎo)

1. (of eyes) bright
2. clear-sighted
3. to understand clearly

1. to come
2. (used as a substitute for a more specific verb)
3. hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來 huílai)
4. ever since (as in 自古以來 zìgǔyǐlái)
5. for the past (amount of time)
6. (prefix) the coming ...; the next ... (as in 來世 láishì)
7. (between two verbs) in order to
8. (after a round number) approximately
9. (used after 得 dé to indicate possibility, as in 談得來 tándelái, or after 不 bù to indicate impossibility, as in 吃不來 chībulái)