1. from; through; via
2. (bound form) to follow
3. (bound form) to obey
4. (bound form) to engage in (an activity)
5. (used before a negative) ever
6. (bound form) (Taiwan pr. zòng) retainer; attendant
7. (bound form) (Taiwan pr. zòng) assistant; auxiliary; subordinate
8. (bound form) (Taiwan pr. zòng) related by common paternal grandfather or earlier ancestor

1. to begin
2. beginning
3. to start
4. initial

classifier: 個

1. to change
2. to become different
3. to transform
4. to vary
5. rebellion

1. (completed action marker)
2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now)
3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause)

1. to finish
2. (used with 得 dé or 不 bù after a verb to express (im)possibility, as in 忘不了 wàngbuliǎo "cannot forget")
3. (literary) (usually followed by a negative such as 無 wú or 不 bù) completely (not); entirely (not); (not) in the least
4. to understand clearly (variant of 瞭 liǎo)

1. (of eyes) bright
2. clear-sighted
3. to understand clearly