1. (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his
2. (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 tārì and 他人 tārén)

1. as (in the capacity of)
2. to take sth as
3. to act as
4. to serve as
5. to behave as
6. to become
7. to be
8. to do
9. by (in the passive voice)

1. because of
2. for
3. to

1. pain
2. (of a body part) to be painful; to be sore; to hurt
3. (of a person) to be in pain

1. actually
2. place
3. classifier for houses, small buildings, institutions etc
4. that which
5. particle introducing a relative clause or passive

classifier: 個

1. bitter
2. hardship
3. pain
4. to suffer
5. to bring suffering to
6. painstakingly