1. prefix used before the surname of a person or a numeral indicating the order of birth of the children in a family or to indicate affection or familiarity
2. old (of people)
3. venerable (person)
4. experienced
5. of long standing
6. always
7. all the time
8. of the past
9. very
10. outdated
11. (of meat etc) tough

1. professor
2. to instruct
3. to lecture on

classifiers: 個, 位

1. of; ~'s (possessive particle)
2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun)
3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)
4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 pígéde "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 pǎotángrde "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 xīnde "new one")
5. also pr. dì or di in poetry and songs

1. course of lectures; lecture series
2. chair (academic position)

1. long and tedious
2. redundant
3. superfluous
4. supernumerary
5. verbose (of writing)

1. (archaic) redundant; superfluous
2. redundant; superfluous

1. and
2. as well as
3. and so
4. but (not)
5. yet (not)
6. (indicates causal relation)
7. (indicates change of state)
8. (indicates contrast)

1. oppressive (of weather)
2. heavy
3. depressed
4. not happy
5. (of sound) dull
6. muffled