1. apart from; besides; in addition to (used to exclude, as in 除了他，除了他，谁也没来 chúletā,shéiyěméilái "apart from him, nobody came", or to include, as in 除了英語，除了英语，他也会法语 chúle Yīngyǔ,tāyěhuì Fǎyǔ "in addition to English, he also knows French")
2. (used to introduce one of two habitual alternatives in the pattern 除了 chúle + A + 就是 jiùshì + B, "either A or B")

1. to embark
2. to travel by ship
3. to ferry

1. (after a suppositional clause) in that case; then
2. (after a clause of action) as soon as; immediately after
3. (same as 就是 jiùshì) merely; nothing else but; simply; just; precisely; exactly
4. only; as little as
5. as much as; as many as
6. to approach; to move towards
7. to undertake; to engage in
8. (often followed by 着 zhe) taking advantage of
9. (of food) to go with
10. with regard to; concerning
11. (pattern: 就 jiù ... 也 yě ...) even if ... still ...
12. (pattern: 不 bù ... 就 jiù ...) if not ... then must be ...

1. haven't
2. hasn't
3. doesn't exist
4. to not have
5. to not be

1. other
2. (sth or sb) else
3. the rest

classifier: 個

1. can
2. may
3. possible
4. able to
5. not bad
6. pretty good

1. that one
2. that thing
3. that (as opposed to this)
4. (used before a verb or adjective for emphasis)
5. (used to humorously or indirectly refer to sth embarrassing, funny etc, or when one can't think of the right word)
6. (used in speech as a filler, similar to "umm", "you know" etc)
7. (euph.) menstruation
8. sex
9. also pr. nèige

classifiers: 個, 座

1. (completed action marker)
2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now)
3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause)

1. to finish
2. (used with 得 dé or 不 bù after a verb to express (im)possibility, as in 忘不了 wàngbuliǎo "cannot forget")
3. (literary) (usually followed by a negative such as 无 wú or 不 bù) completely (not); entirely (not); (not) in the least
4. to understand clearly (variant of 了 liǎo)

1. (of eyes) bright
2. clear-sighted
3. to understand clearly