1. (pronoun) this; these
2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun)
3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. zhèi, esp. in Beijing)

1. to be (followed by substantives only)
2. correct; right; true
3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well
4. (adverb for emphatic assertion)

1. (classifier used before a noun that has no specific classifier)
2. (bound form) individual

1. to act on; to affect
2. action; function; activity
3. impact; result; effect
4. purpose; intent
5. (suffix) -ation, -tion etc, as in 抑制作用 yìzhìzuòyòng, inhibition

1. of; ~'s (possessive particle)
2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun)
3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)
4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 pígéde "one made of leather" or 跑堂儿的 pǎotángrde "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 xīnde "new one")
5. also pr. dì or di in poetry and songs

1. medicine
2. drug
3. substance used for a specific purpose (e.g. poisoning, explosion, fermenting)
4. to poison

classifiers: 種, 服, 味