1. apart from; besides; in addition to (used to exclude, as in 除了他，誰也沒來，谁也没来 chúletā,shéiyěméilái "apart from him, nobody came", or to include, as in 除了英語，他也會法語，他也会法语 chúle Yīngyǔ,tāyěhuì Fǎyǔ "in addition to English, he also knows French")
2. (used to introduce one of two habitual alternatives in the pattern 除了 chúle + A + 就是 jiùshì + B, "either A or B")

1. Mary or Marie (name)
2. Mali

1. haven't
2. hasn't
3. doesn't exist
4. to not have
5. to not be

classifiers: 個, 位

1. to come
2. (used as a substitute for a more specific verb)
3. hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來 huílai)
4. ever since (as in 自古以來 zìgǔyǐlái)
5. for the past (amount of time)
6. (prefix) the coming ...; the next ... (as in 來世 láishì)
7. (between two verbs) in order to
8. (after a round number) approximately
9. (used after 得 dé to indicate possibility, as in 談得來 tándelái, or after 不 bù to indicate impossibility, as in 吃不來 chībulái)