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1
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由於
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yóuyú
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- due to
- as a result of
- thanks to
- owing to
- since
- because
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3
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以前
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yǐqián
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- before
- formerly
- previous
- ago
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=4
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見
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jiàn
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- to see
- to meet
- to appear (to be sth)
- to interview
- opinion
- view
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=4
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見
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xiàn
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- to appear
- also written 现 xiàn
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=5
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過
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guò
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- to cross
- to go over
- to pass (time)
- to celebrate (a holiday)
- to live
- to get along
- excessively
- too-
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=5
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過
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guo
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(experienced action marker)
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6
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他
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tā
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- (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his
- (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 tārì and 他人 tārén)
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7
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一次
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yīcì
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- first
- first time
- once
- (math.) linear (of degree one)
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8
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所以
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suǒyǐ
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- therefore
- as a result
- so
- the reason why
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10
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馬上
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mǎshàng
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- at once
- right away
- immediately
- on horseback (i.e. by military force)
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11
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就
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jiù
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- (after a suppositional clause) in that case; then
- (after a clause of action) as soon as; immediately after
- (same as 就是 jiùshì) merely; nothing else but; simply; just; precisely; exactly
- only; as little as
- as much as; as many as
- to approach; to move towards
- to undertake; to engage in
- (often followed by 着 zhe) taking advantage of
- (of food) to go with
- with regard to; concerning
- (pattern: 就 jiù ... 也 yě ...) even if ... still ...
- (pattern: 不 bù ... 就 jiù ...) if not ... then must be ...
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12
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認出
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rènchū
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- recognition
- to recognize
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13
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他
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tā
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- (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his
- (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 tārì and 他人 tārén)
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=14
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了
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le
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- (completed action marker)
- (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now)
- (modal particle intensifying preceding clause)
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=14
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了
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liǎo
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- to finish
- (used with 得 dé or 不 bù after a verb to express (im)possibility, as in 忘不了 wàngbuliǎo "cannot forget")
- (literary) (usually followed by a negative such as 无 wú or 不 bù) completely (not); entirely (not); (not) in the least
- to understand clearly (variant of 了 liǎo)
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=14
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了
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liǎo
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- (of eyes) bright
- clear-sighted
- to understand clearly
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=14
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了
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liào
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unofficial variant of 瞭 liào
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