1. castle
2. rook (chess piece)

1. outside (also pr. wàimian for this sense)
2. surface
3. exterior
4. external appearance

1. of; ~'s (possessive particle)
2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun)
3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)
4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 pígéde "one made of leather" or 跑堂儿的 pǎotángrde "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 xīnde "new one")
5. also pr. dì or di in poetry and songs

1. (bound form) the Yellow River
2. (bound form) the Milky Way
3. (bound form) (on restaurant menus) rice noodles 河粉 héfěn

classifiers: 條, 道