1. as (in the capacity of)
2. to take sth as
3. to act as
4. to serve as
5. to behave as
6. to become
7. to be
8. to do
9. by (in the passive voice)

1. because of
2. for
3. to

1. to be defeated
2. to lose
3. to fail (e.g. experiments)
4. failure
5. defeat

classifier: 次

1. (completed action marker)
2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now)
3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause)

1. to finish
2. (used with 得 dé or 不 bù after a verb to express (im)possibility, as in 忘不了 wàngbuliǎo "cannot forget")
3. (literary) (usually followed by a negative such as 無 wú or 不 bù) completely (not); entirely (not); (not) in the least
4. to understand clearly (variant of 瞭 liǎo)

1. (of eyes) bright
2. clear-sighted
3. to understand clearly

1. (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his
2. (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 tārì and 他人 tārén)