1. (bound form) way; reason; principle
2. (bound form) a skill; an art; a specialization
3. (Daoism) the Way; the Dao
4. to say (introducing a direct quotation, as in a novel)
5. (bound form) to express; to extend (polite words)
6. classifier for long thin things (rivers, cracks, shadows etc), barriers (walls, doors etc), questions (in an exam etc), commands, courses in a meal, steps in a process
7. (old) circuit (administrative division)

classifiers: 條, 股

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 導 /导 (dǎo, “to direct; to guide; to lead; to conduct”)
2. alternative form of 導 /导 (dǎo, “to direct; to guide; to lead; to conduct”)

1. (bound form) root; stem
2. (bound form) origin; source
3. (bound form) one's own; this
4. (bound form) this; the current (year etc)
5. (bound form) original
6. (bound form) inherent
7. originally; initially
8. capital; principal
9. classifier for books, periodicals, files etc

1. dialect
2. language
3. speech