1. (in the) past; former; previous
2. to go over; to pass by

1. (completed action marker)
2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now)
3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause)

1. to finish
2. (used with 得 dé or 不 bù after a verb to express (im)possibility, as in 忘不了 wàngbuliǎo "cannot forget")
3. (literary) (usually followed by a negative such as 無 wú or 不 bù) completely (not); entirely (not); (not) in the least
4. to understand clearly (variant of 瞭 liǎo)

1. (of eyes) bright
2. clear-sighted
3. to understand clearly

1. very; quite
2. (also, often used before an adjective without intensifying its meaning, i.e. as a meaningless syntactic element)

1. due to
2. as a result of
3. thanks to
4. owing to
5. since
6. because

1. today
2. the present time; now

1. to exist; to be alive
2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at
3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress)

1. (pronoun) this; these
2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun)
3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. zhèi, esp. in Beijing)

1. threshing floor
2. classifier for events and happenings: spell, episode, bout

1. large place used for a specific purpose
2. stage
3. scene (of a play)
4. classifier for sporting or recreational activities
5. classifier for number of exams

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) loose soil; soil that has been tilled
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) mound created by creatures like ants or moles
3. loose soil; soil that has been tilled
4. mound created by creatures like ants or moles

1. to elect
2. election

classifiers: 次, 個

1. actually
2. place
3. classifier for houses, small buildings, institutions etc
4. that which
5. particle introducing a relative clause or passive

classifier: 個

1. to adopt or carry out (measures, policies, course of action)
2. to take

1. of; ~'s (possessive particle)
2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun)
3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)
4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 pígéde "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 pǎotángrde "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 xīnde "new one")
5. also pr. dì or di in poetry and songs

1. operation
2. action
3. to move about
4. mobile

classifier: 個

1. to exist; to be alive
2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at
3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress)

1. (pronoun) this
2. (adjective) this

1. decisive
2. conclusive

1. of; ~'s (possessive particle)
2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun)
3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)
4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 pígéde "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 pǎotángrde "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 xīnde "new one")
5. also pr. dì or di in poetry and songs

1. time
2. length of time
3. moment
4. period

1. to transform
2. to change

1. (completed action marker)
2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now)
3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause)

1. to finish
2. (used with 得 dé or 不 bù after a verb to express (im)possibility, as in 忘不了 wàngbuliǎo "cannot forget")
3. (literary) (usually followed by a negative such as 無 wú or 不 bù) completely (not); entirely (not); (not) in the least
4. to understand clearly (variant of 瞭 liǎo)

1. (of eyes) bright
2. clear-sighted
3. to understand clearly