1. before
2. prior to
3. ago
4. previously
5. beforehand

1. to have to
2. must
3. compulsory
4. necessarily

1. to hold; to grasp
2. to hold a baby in position to help it urinate or defecate
3. handlebar
4. classifier: handful, bundle, bunch
5. classifier for things with handles
6. (used to put the object before the verb: 把 bǎ + {noun} + {verb})

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 爬 (pá, “to scratch”)
2. a surname
3. alternative form of 爬 (pá, “to scratch”)

1. to work
2. (of a machine) to operate
3. job
4. work
5. task

classifiers: 個, 份, 項

1. to finish
2. to complete the task