1. from; through; via
2. (bound form) to follow
3. (bound form) to obey
4. (bound form) to engage in (an activity)
5. (used before a negative) ever
6. (bound form) (Taiwan pr. zòng) retainer; attendant
7. (bound form) (Taiwan pr. zòng) assistant; auxiliary; subordinate
8. (bound form) (Taiwan pr. zòng) related by common paternal grandfather or earlier ancestor

1. by oneself (without assistance)
2. alone (without company)

1. to exist; to be alive
2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at
3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress)

1. some
2. a certain
3. sb or sth indefinite
4. such-and-such

1. item
2. component
3. classifier for events, things, clothes etc

1. matter
2. thing
3. item
4. work
5. affair

classifiers: 件, 樁, 回

1. alternative form of 倳 (zì, “to establish”)
2. alternative form of 剚 (zì, “to stab”)

1. (bound form) up; upper; above; previous
2. first (of multiple parts)
3. to climb; to get onto; to go up
4. to attend (class or university)
5. (directional complement) up
6. (noun suffix) on; above

1. to agree; to consent
2. to be willing to

1. flower
2. blossom
3. fancy pattern
4. florid
5. to spend (money, time)
6. (coll.) lecherous
7. lustful

classifiers: 朵, 支, 束, 把, 盆, 簇

1. variant of 花 huā
2. flower
3. blossom
4. also pr. wěi

1. number; amount
2. somewhat

1. how much?; how many?
2. (phone number, student ID etc) what number?

1. (concept of) time
2. (duration of) time
3. (point in) time

1. (after a suppositional clause) in that case; then
2. (after a clause of action) as soon as; immediately after
3. (same as 就是 jiùshì) merely; nothing else but; simply; just; precisely; exactly
4. only; as little as
5. as much as; as many as
6. to approach; to move towards
7. to undertake; to engage in
8. (often followed by 着 zhe) taking advantage of
9. (of food) to go with
10. with regard to; concerning
11. (pattern: 就 jiù ... 也 yě ...) even if ... still ...
12. (pattern: 不 bù ... 就 jiù ...) if not ... then must be ...

1. can
2. to be able to
3. might possibly
4. ability
5. (physics) energy

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 耐 (“to bear; to withstand”)
2. a surname
3. alternative form of 耐 (“to bear; to withstand”)

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 台 (“name of a Chinese constellation”)
2. alternative form of 台 (“name of a Chinese constellation”)

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 態 /态 (tài, “bearing; apparition; form; shape; status; position”)
2. alternative form of 態 /态 (tài, “bearing; apparition; form; shape; status; position”)

1. (obsolete) mythical three-legged soft-shelled turtle
2. mythical three-legged soft-shelled turtle

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) only used in 能始 (tāishǐ, “origin; root cause”)
2. only used in 能始 (tāishǐ, “origin; root cause”)

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 熊 (xióng, “bear”)
2. alternative form of 熊 (xióng, “bear”)

1. to make out
2. to see

1. (pronoun) this; these
2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun)
3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. zhèi, esp. in Beijing)

1. item
2. component
3. classifier for events, things, clothes etc

1. matter
2. thing
3. item
4. work
5. affair

classifiers: 件, 樁, 回

1. alternative form of 倳 (zì, “to establish”)
2. alternative form of 剚 (zì, “to stab”)

1. right; correct
2. towards; at; for
3. concerning; regarding
4. to treat (sb a certain way)
5. to face
6. (bound form) opposite; facing; matching
7. to match together; to adjust
8. to fit; to suit
9. to answer; to reply
10. to add; to pour in (a fluid)
11. to check; to compare
12. classifier: couple; pair

1. (pronoun) this
2. (adjective) this

classifiers: 個, 位

1. to have; there is
2. (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 yǒuyì intentional)

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 又 (yòu, “again”)
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 又 (yòu, “and; with a remainder of (when dividing an integer by ten)”)
3. alternative form of 又 (yòu, “again”)
4. alternative form of 又 (yòu, “and; with a remainder of (when dividing an integer by ten)”)

1. to want; to need; to ask for
2. will; shall; about to
3. need to; should
4. if (same as 要是 yàoshi)
5. (bound form) important

1. (archaic) alternative form of 偠 (yǎo)
2. alternative form of 偠 (yǎo)
3. used in 要褭／要袅