1. there has never been; has never had
2. (before a verb) has never

1. to see
2. to meet
3. to appear (to be sth)
4. to interview
5. opinion
6. view

1. to appear
2. also written 現 xiàn

1. to cross
2. to go over
3. to pass (time)
4. to celebrate (a holiday)
5. to live
6. to get along
7. excessively
8. too-

1. to have; there is
2. (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 yǒuyì intentional)

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 又 (yòu, “again”)
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 又 (yòu, “and; with a remainder of (when dividing an integer by ten)”)
3. alternative form of 又 (yòu, “again”)
4. alternative form of 又 (yòu, “and; with a remainder of (when dividing an integer by ten)”)

1. who
2. also pr. shuí

1. can
2. to be able to
3. might possibly
4. ability
5. (physics) energy

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 耐 (“to bear; to withstand”)
2. a surname
3. alternative form of 耐 (“to bear; to withstand”)

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 台 (“name of a Chinese constellation”)
2. alternative form of 台 (“name of a Chinese constellation”)

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 態 /态 (tài, “bearing; apparition; form; shape; status; position”)
2. alternative form of 態 /态 (tài, “bearing; apparition; form; shape; status; position”)

1. (obsolete) mythical three-legged soft-shelled turtle
2. mythical three-legged soft-shelled turtle

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) only used in 能始 (tāishǐ, “origin; root cause”)
2. only used in 能始 (tāishǐ, “origin; root cause”)

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 熊 (xióng, “bear”)
2. alternative form of 熊 (xióng, “bear”)

1. barely
2. only
3. merely

1. to pass through; to get through
2. to adopt (a resolution); to pass (legislation)
3. to pass (a test)
4. by means of; through; via

1. to read a book
2. to study
3. to attend school

1. (after a suppositional clause) in that case; then
2. (after a clause of action) as soon as; immediately after
3. (same as 就是 jiùshì) merely; nothing else but; simply; just; precisely; exactly
4. only; as little as
5. as much as; as many as
6. to approach; to move towards
7. to undertake; to engage in
8. (often followed by 著 zhe) taking advantage of
9. (of food) to go with
10. with regard to; concerning
11. (pattern: 就 jiù ... 也 yě ...) even if ... still ...
12. (pattern: 不 bù ... 就 jiù ...) if not ... then must be ...

1. can
2. to be able to
3. might possibly
4. ability
5. (physics) energy

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 耐 (“to bear; to withstand”)
2. a surname
3. alternative form of 耐 (“to bear; to withstand”)

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 台 (“name of a Chinese constellation”)
2. alternative form of 台 (“name of a Chinese constellation”)

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 態 /态 (tài, “bearing; apparition; form; shape; status; position”)
2. alternative form of 態 /态 (tài, “bearing; apparition; form; shape; status; position”)

1. (obsolete) mythical three-legged soft-shelled turtle
2. mythical three-legged soft-shelled turtle

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) only used in 能始 (tāishǐ, “origin; root cause”)
2. only used in 能始 (tāishǐ, “origin; root cause”)

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 熊 (xióng, “bear”)
2. alternative form of 熊 (xióng, “bear”)

1. to learn; to master
2. institute; learned society; (scholarly) association

1. (loanword) dozen
2. Taiwan pr. dǎ

1. a semantically light, transitive verb that is combined with various grammatical objects to form compound verbs and verb-object phrases with a diverse range of meanings (e.g. 打傘 dǎsǎn "to hold an umbrella", 打電話 dǎdiànhuà "to make a phone call", 打針 dǎzhēn "to get an injection", 打手套 dǎshǒutào "to knit gloves", 打氣 dǎqì "to inflate")
2. to hit; to strike
3. to fight
4. (coll.) from; since (as in 打那以後 dǎnàyǐhòu "since then")

classifiers: 個, 隻

1. of; ~'s (possessive particle)
2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun)
3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)
4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 pígéde "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 pǎotángrde "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 xīnde "new one")
5. also pr. dì or di in poetry and songs

1. to learn
2. to study

classifier: 門

1. (colloquial) Used to express dissatisfaction or annoyance.
2. (pseudoverb) to also be
3. Used to express dissatisfaction or annoyance.
4. that's true
5. to also be

1. same
2. like
3. equal to
4. the same as
5. just like

1. of; ~'s (possessive particle)
2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun)
3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)
4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 pígéde "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 pǎotángrde "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 xīnde "new one")
5. also pr. dì or di in poetry and songs

1. reason
2. argument
3. sense
4. principle
5. basis
6. justification

classifier: 個

1. principle; rule; truth; philosophy
2. reason; argument; sense; logic
3. way; plan