1. (bound form) root; stem
2. (bound form) origin; source
3. (bound form) one's own; this
4. (bound form) this; the current (year etc)
5. (bound form) original
6. (bound form) inherent
7. originally; initially
8. capital; principal
9. classifier for books, periodicals, files etc

classifier: 個

1. at first
2. (at the) beginning
3. first
4. junior
5. basic

1. to arise; to come into being; to come about
2. to give rise to; to bring into being; to bring about; to produce; to engender; to generate

1. (completed action marker)
2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now)
3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause)

1. to finish
2. (used with 得 dé or 不 bù after a verb to express (im)possibility, as in 忘不了 wàngbuliǎo "cannot forget")
3. (literary) (usually followed by a negative such as 無 wú or 不 bù) completely (not); entirely (not); (not) in the least
4. to understand clearly (variant of 瞭 liǎo)

1. (of eyes) bright
2. clear-sighted
3. to understand clearly

1. progress; improvement
2. to improve; to progress

classifier: 個