1. beforehand; first; earlier
2. at first; originally
3. for the time being; for now
4. (prefix) my late (in referring to deceased relatives older than oneself)

1. to use; to make use of; to employ
2. (coverb) with; using
3. to need; to have to (usu. used in the negative or in questions)
4. usefulness; utility
5. (bound form) expense; outlay
6. (courteous) to eat; to drink
7. (literary) hence; therefore

1. one
2. single
3. a (article)
4. as soon as
5. entire; whole; all; throughout
6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1)
7. also pr. yāo for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit

1. (literary) single hand; single arm
2. single hand; single arm
3. single-handedly; unassistedly

1. watch (timepiece)
2. meter; gauge

1. to exchange
2. to change (clothes etc)
3. to substitute
4. to switch
5. to convert (currency)

1. (completed action marker)
2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now)
3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause)

1. to finish
2. (used with 得 dé or 不 bù after a verb to express (im)possibility, as in 忘不了 wàngbuliǎo "cannot forget")
3. (literary) (usually followed by a negative such as 無 wú or 不 bù) completely (not); entirely (not); (not) in the least
4. to understand clearly (variant of 瞭 liǎo)

1. (of eyes) bright
2. clear-sighted
3. to understand clearly

1. (Mainland China, education) the first tier of universities
2. (judo) ippon
3. Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see 一, 本 (běn).
4. another version (terminology in collation)
5. entirely based on
6. having the same origin
7. ippon
8. the first tier of universities

1. book
2. letter
3. document
4. to write

classifiers: 本, 冊, 部

1. again; once more; re-
2. further; beyond this point of time
3. (before an adjective) more
4. then (after sth, and not until then)
5. no matter how ... (followed by an adjective or verb, and then (usually) 也 yě or 都 dōu for emphasis)
6. (used to introduce additional information, as in 再則 zàizé, 再就是 zàijiùshì etc)
7. (literary) to reappear; to reoccur

1. to hold; to grasp
2. to hold a baby in position to help it urinate or defecate
3. handlebar
4. classifier: handful, bundle, bunch
5. classifier for things with handles
6. (used to put the object before the verb: 把 bǎ + {noun} + {verb})

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 爬 (pá, “to scratch”)
2. a surname
3. alternative form of 爬 (pá, “to scratch”)

1. book
2. letter
3. document
4. to write

classifiers: 本, 冊, 部

1. to exchange (sth) for (sth else)
2. to replace with
3. to convert into

1. coin
2. money
3. unit of weight, one tenth of a tael 兩 liǎng

classifier: 筆

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) a kind of farm tool
2. a kind of farm tool