1. need not
2. does not have to
3. not necessarily

1. to strive for
2. to vie for
3. to argue or debate
4. deficient or lacking (dialect)
5. how or what (literary)

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 諍／诤 (zhèng, “to admonish”).
2. Original form of 諍／诤 (zhèng, “to admonish”).

1. not a bit
2. nothing is up
3. nothing alarming is happening

1. (bound form) feelings; emotion; sentiment; passion
2. (bound form) situation; condition

1. to be (followed by substantives only)
2. correct; right; true
3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well
4. (adverb for emphatic assertion)

1. only have ...; there is only ...
2. (used in combination with 才 cái) it is only if ... (that one can ...) (as in 只有通過治療才能痊愈 zhǐyǒutōngguòzhìliáocáinéngquányù "the only way to cure it is with therapy")
3. it is only (someone) who ... (as in 只有男性才有此需要 zhǐyǒunánxìngcáiyǒucǐxūyào "only men would have such a requirement")
4. (used to express lack of alternatives) can only; have no choice but to (as in 只有屈服 zhǐyǒuqūfú "the only thing you can do is give in")

1. harm
2. troubles

classifier: 個

1. and
2. as well as
3. and so
4. but (not)
5. yet (not)
6. (indicates causal relation)
7. (indicates change of state)
8. (indicates contrast)

1. haven't
2. hasn't
3. doesn't exist
4. to not have
5. to not be

1. benefit; advantage; merit
2. gain; profit
3. also pr. hǎochù

1. advantage; good point; benefit
2. gain; profit

1. of; ~'s (possessive particle)
2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun)
3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)
4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 pígéde "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 pǎotángrde "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 xīnde "new one")
5. also pr. dì or di in poetry and songs