1. once
2. already
3. former
4. previously
5. ever
6. (past tense marker used before verb or clause)

1. and
2. to give
3. together with

1. to come into contact with
2. to have dealings

1. of; ~'s (possessive particle)
2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun)
3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)
4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 pígéde "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 pǎotángrde "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 xīnde "new one")
5. also pr. dì or di in poetry and songs

classifiers: 個, 位

1. all; both; entirely
2. (used for emphasis) even
3. already
4. (not) at all

1. capital city
2. metropolis

1. to know; to become aware of
2. also pr. zhīdao

1. and
2. to give
3. together with

1. a real person
2. Daoist spiritual master

1. to have; there is
2. (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 yǒuyì intentional)

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 又 (yòu, “again”)
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 又 (yòu, “and; with a remainder of (when dividing an integer by ten)”)
3. alternative form of 又 (yòu, “again”)
4. alternative form of 又 (yòu, “and; with a remainder of (when dividing an integer by ten)”)

1. how (wonderful etc)
2. what (a great idea etc)
3. however (difficult it may be etc)
4. (in interrogative sentences) how (much etc)
5. to what extent