1. apart from; besides; in addition to (used to exclude, as in 除了他，誰也沒來，谁也没来 chúletā,shéiyěméilái "apart from him, nobody came", or to include, as in 除了英語，他也會法語，他也会法语 chúle Yīngyǔ,tāyěhuì Fǎyǔ "in addition to English, he also knows French")
2. (used to introduce one of two habitual alternatives in the pattern 除了 chúle + A + 就是 jiùshì + B, "either A or B")

1. (pronoun) this
2. (adjective) this

classifier: 所

1. of; ~'s (possessive particle)
2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun)
3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)
4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 pígéde "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 pǎotángrde "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 xīnde "new one")
5. also pr. dì or di in poetry and songs

1. all
2. to have; to possess; to own

1. student
2. schoolchild

1. disciple; follower (Classifier: 位 m)
2. student; pupil (Classifier: 位 m)

1. to have to
2. must
3. compulsory
4. necessarily

1. many; much; more; a lot of
2. too many; in excess
3. (after a numeral) ... odd
4. how (to what extent) (Taiwan pr. duó)
5. (bound form) multi-; poly-

1. to learn
2. to study
3. to imitate
4. science
5. -ology

1. (dialectal) continuously; constantly
2. (literary) a door
3. (literary) a single source; a single origin
4. (literary) a way; a means
5. a cannon
6. a door
7. a family; a clan
8. a kind; the same kind
9. a single source; a single origin
10. a skill
11. a style; a faction; a denomination
12. a subject of study
13. a way; a means
14. an event or occurrence
15. continuously; constantly
16. the same school or teacher

classifier: 門