1. apart from; besides; in addition to (used to exclude, as in 除了他，誰也沒來，谁也没来 chúletā,shéiyěméilái "apart from him, nobody came", or to include, as in 除了英語，他也會法語，他也会法语 chúle Yīngyǔ,tāyěhuì Fǎyǔ "in addition to English, he also knows French")
2. (used to introduce one of two habitual alternatives in the pattern 除了 chúle + A + 就是 jiùshì + B, "either A or B")

classifier: 次

1. to cross
2. to go over
3. to pass (time)
4. to celebrate (a holiday)
5. to live
6. to get along
7. excessively
8. too-

1. of; ~'s (possessive particle)
2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun)
3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)
4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 pígéde "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 pǎotángrde "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 xīnde "new one")
5. also pr. dì or di in poetry and songs

classifier: 個

1. shape
2. form
3. pattern
4. morphology

1. democracy
2. democratic

1. to be (followed by substantives only)
2. correct; right; true
3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well
4. (adverb for emphatic assertion)

1. (before an adjective or verb) to the highest degree; (the) most ...; -est
2. (after 之 zhī) best or most extreme example (e.g. 世界之最 shìjièzhīzuì "the greatest in the world")

1. difference; discrepancy
2. (math.) difference (amount remaining after a subtraction)
3. (literary) a little; somewhat; slightly

1. different
2. wrong; mistaken
3. to fall short; to lack
4. not up to standard; inferior
5. Taiwan pr. chā

1. to send (on an errand)
2. (archaic) person sent on such an errand
3. job; official post

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 搓 (cuō, “to rub with one's hands; to scrub; to twist”).
2. Original form of 搓 (cuō, “to rub with one's hands; to scrub; to twist”).

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 瘥 (chài, “to recover from an illness”).
2. Original form of 瘥 (chài, “to recover from an illness”).

1. of; ~'s (possessive particle)
2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun)
3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)
4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 pígéde "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 pǎotángrde "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 xīnde "new one")
5. also pr. dì or di in poetry and songs

1. (completed action marker)
2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now)
3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause)

1. to finish
2. (used with 得 dé or 不 bù after a verb to express (im)possibility, as in 忘不了 wàngbuliǎo "cannot forget")
3. (literary) (usually followed by a negative such as 無 wú or 不 bù) completely (not); entirely (not); (not) in the least
4. to understand clearly (variant of 瞭 liǎo)

1. (of eyes) bright
2. clear-sighted
3. to understand clearly