1. (bound form) way; reason; principle
2. (bound form) a skill; an art; a specialization
3. (Daoism) the Way; the Dao
4. to say (introducing a direct quotation, as in a novel)
5. (bound form) to express; to extend (polite words)
6. classifier for long thin things (rivers, cracks, shadows etc), barriers (walls, doors etc), questions (in an exam etc), commands, courses in a meal, steps in a process
7. (old) circuit (administrative division)

classifiers: 條, 股

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 導 /导 (dǎo, “to direct; to guide; to lead; to conduct”)
2. alternative form of 導 /导 (dǎo, “to direct; to guide; to lead; to conduct”)

1. (completed action marker)
2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now)
3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause)

1. to finish
2. (used with 得 dé or 不 bù after a verb to express (im)possibility, as in 忘不了 wàngbuliǎo "cannot forget")
3. (literary) (usually followed by a negative such as 无 wú or 不 bù) completely (not); entirely (not); (not) in the least
4. to understand clearly (variant of 了 liǎo)

1. (of eyes) bright
2. clear-sighted
3. to understand clearly

1. to apologize
2. to regret
3. deficient