1. to begin
2. beginning
3. to start
4. initial

classifier: 個

1. (botany) opposite leaf arrangement
2. paired leaf arrangement

1. (bound form)
2. appearance
3. shape
4. form
5. state
6. attitude
7. (grammar) voice

1. to learn
2. to study
3. to imitate
4. science
5. -ology

1. to be (followed by substantives only)
2. correct; right; true
3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well
4. (adverb for emphatic assertion)

1. to receive (praise, an education, punishment etc)
2. to be ...ed (praised, educated, punished etc)

1. (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his
2. (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 tārì and 他人 tārén)

1. of; ~'s (possessive particle)
2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun)
3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)
4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 pígéde "one made of leather" or 跑堂儿的 pǎotángrde "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 xīnde "new one")
5. also pr. dì or di in poetry and songs

1. influence
2. effect
3. to influence
4. to affect (usually adversely)
5. to disturb

classifier: 股