the Four Noble Truths (Budd.), covered by the acronym 苦集灭道 kǔjímièdào: all life is suffering 苦 kǔ, the cause of suffering is desire 集 jí, emancipation comes only by eliminating passions 灭 miè, the way 道 dào to emancipation is the Eight-fold Noble Way 八正道 bāzhèngdào