1. each
2. every

1. by oneself (without assistance)
2. alone (without company)

1. all; both; entirely
2. (used for emphasis) even
3. already
4. (not) at all

1. capital city
2. metropolis

1. to understand
2. to comprehend

1. France
2. French
3. abbr. for 法国 Fǎguó
4. Taiwan pr. Fà

1. law
2. method
3. way
4. to emulate
5. (Buddhism) dharma
6. (abbr. for 法家 Fǎjiā) the Legalists
7. (physics) farad (abbr. for 法拉 fǎlā)

1. old variant of 法 fǎ
2. law

1. genuine; real; true
2. really; indeed

1. can
2. to be able to
3. might possibly
4. ability
5. (physics) energy

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 耐 (“to bear; to withstand”)
2. a surname
3. alternative form of 耐 (“to bear; to withstand”)

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 台 (“name of a Chinese constellation”)
2. alternative form of 台 (“name of a Chinese constellation”)

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 態 /态 (tài, “bearing; apparition; form; shape; status; position”)
2. alternative form of 態 /态 (tài, “bearing; apparition; form; shape; status; position”)

1. (obsolete) mythical three-legged soft-shelled turtle
2. mythical three-legged soft-shelled turtle

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) only used in 能始 (tāishǐ, “origin; root cause”)
2. only used in 能始 (tāishǐ, “origin; root cause”)

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 熊 (xióng, “bear”)
2. alternative form of 熊 (xióng, “bear”)

1. to accomplish
2. to achieve

1. of; ~'s (possessive particle)
2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun)
3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)
4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 pígéde "one made of leather" or 跑堂儿的 pǎotángrde "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 xīnde "new one")
5. also pr. dì or di in poetry and songs

classifiers: 個, 位

1. but
2. yet
3. however
4. while
5. to go back
6. to decline
7. to retreat
8. nevertheless
9. even though

1. to catch
2. to dispel
3. to hold up with both hands