訓讀
训读
xùndú
- a reading of a written Chinese word derived from a synonym (typically, a vernacular synonym) (e.g. in Mandarin, 投子 tóuzi may be pronounced as its synonym 色子 shǎizi, and in Wu dialects, 二 is pronounced as its synonym 兩 "liahn")
- to pronounce a word using such a reading
- (Japanese linguistics) kun-reading, a pronunciation of a kanji derived from a native Japanese word that matches its meaning rather than from the pronunciation of the character in a Sinitic language at the time it was imported from China (Note: A kun-reading of a character is distinguished from its on-reading(s) 音讀 yīndú. For example, 山 has a kun-reading "yama" and an on-reading "san".)
to employ "gloss reading" or "semantic reading": to semantically match a Chinese character with etymologically unrelated vernacular (Chinese lectal; or native Japanese or Korean) morphemes and read the character thus